• Barbara Resnick, Marie Boltz, Elizabeth Galik, Sarah Holmes, Erin Vigne, Steven Fix, and Shijun Zhu.
• University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address: resnick@umaryland.edu.
• Pain Manag Nurs. 2019 Jun 1; 20 (3): 192-197.

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the incidence, pharmacologic management, and impact of pain on function, agitation, and resistiveness to care among assisted living residents.DesignThis was a descriptive study.Data SourcesBaseline data from 260 residents in the second cohort of the study Dissemination and Implementation of Function Focused Care for Assisted Living Using the Evidence Integration Triangle.Review/Analysis MethodsDescriptive analyses for the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD), Visual Descriptor Scale (VDS), and use of medication for pain management and hypothesis testing using linear regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe majority of the sample was female (71%) and white (96%) with a mean age of 87 (standard deviation = 7). Fifty-two out of the 260 residents (20%) reported pain based on either the PAINAD or the VDS. Out of the total 260 residents, 75 (29%) received pain medication. Twenty-two out of the 52 individuals (42%) reporting pain were not getting pain medication. Controlling for age, gender, and cognition, the PAINAD was significantly associated with agitation, function, and resistiveness to care and the VDS was only associated with function.ConclusionsThe incidence of pain was low among participants based on the PAINAD or the VDS. Pain measured by the PAINAD was significantly associated with function, agitation, and resistiveness to care.Copyright © 2019 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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