• Tae-Im Kim, Alió Del Barrio Jorge L JL Cornea, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Unit, Research & Development Department VISSUM Innovation Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Division of Ophtha, Mark Wilkins, Beatrice Cochener, and Marcus Ang.
• Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
• Lancet. 2019 May 18; 393 (10185): 2085-2098.

AbstractRefractive surgery has evolved beyond laser refractive techniques over the past decade. Laser refractive surgery procedures (such as laser in-situ keratomileusis), surface ablation techniques (such as laser epithelial keratomileusis), and photorefractive keratectomy have now been established as fairly safe procedures that produce excellent visual outcomes for patients with low-to-moderate amounts of ametropia. Additionally, a broader selection of options are now available to treat a wider range of refractive errors. Small incision lenticule extraction uses a femtosecond laser to shape a refractive lenticule, which is removed through a small wound. The potential advantages of this procedure include greater tectonic strength and less dry eye. In the future, intracorneal implants could be used to treat hyperopia or presbyopia. Phakic intraocular implants and refractive lens exchange might be useful options in carefully selected patients for correcting high degrees of ametropia. Thus, physicians are now able to provide patients with the appropriate refractive corrective option based on the individual's risk-benefit profile.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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