• Yukari Shindo, Soushi Iwasaki, and Michiaki Yamakage.
• The Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Electronic address: y.shindo@hs.hokudai.ac.jp.
• Pain Manag Nurs. 2019 Jun 1; 20 (3): 222-231.

BackgroundMany Japanese adults suffer from chronic pain. However, 50% of these individuals discontinue treatment despite the persistence of pain. Both clinicians and patients in Japan tend to be concerned about the safety and efficacy of opioid therapy, and the use of opioids in chronic non-cancer pain remains less common in Japan than elsewhere.AimsThis study examined the effects of opioid therapy on the daily lives of patients with chronic noncancer pain in Japan, where use of opioids for this type of pain remains uncommon.DesignProspective cross-sectional questionnaire study.SettingData were collected over two periods, between March and April 2014 at one hospital, and between February and April 2015 at the other hospital. Subjects were recruited at the respective clinics by the study interviewer between March 1, 2014 and April 15, 2014 and between February 1, 2015 and April 15, 2015.Participants/SubjectsThis study included 34 outpatients with chronic non-cancer pain who were being treated with opioid analgesics at pain clinics in two hospitals in Sapporo.MethodsThirty-four Japanese patients receiving opioid medications for chronic noncancer pain in outpatient pain clinics were enrolled. Participants underwent interviews and completed the Japanese versions of the Short Form 36 (SF-36v2) and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ).ResultsSleep disruption, claiming compensation for work-related accidents, and current pain level were negatively correlated with opioid effectiveness (p < .05). Additionally, opioid effectiveness was negatively correlated with the catastrophizing subscale of the CSQ (r = -0.50, p < .01). The effects of opioid therapy had a low positive correlation with the emotional functioning role subscale of the SF-36v2 (r = 0.38, p < .05). Daily equivalent morphine dose was positively correlated with opioid therapy duration, interference with appetite, and current pain intensity. Morphine dose was also positively correlated with scores for the catastrophizing subscale of the CSQ (r = 0.36, p < .05) and negatively correlated with scores in all subdomains of the SF-36v2.ConclusionsIt is important to focus on adaptive, cognitive, and emotional factors, such as emotional role functioning, to determine the efficacy of opioid treatment for chronic noncancer pain. Moreover, patients with catastrophizing significantly increased their morphine doses, resulting in an increased risk of overdose.Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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