• Rebecca A Bertrandt, David M Saudek, John P Scott, Michael Madrzak, Mary Beth Miranda, Nancy S Ghanayem, and Ronald K Woods.
• Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis. Electronic address: rarussel@mcw.edu.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2019 Oct 1; 158 (4): 1209-1217.

ObjectiveManagement of chest tubes in adult and pediatric patients is highly variable. There are no published guidelines for pediatric cardiac surgical patients. Our center undertook a quality improvement project aimed at reducing chest tube duration and length of stay in postsurgical pediatric cardiac patients.MethodsA work group identified 2 opportunities for reducing chest tube duration: standardizing removal criteria and increasing frequency of assessment for removal. An algorithm was created, and chest tube assessments were increased to twice daily. All postsurgical cardiac patients were managed according to the algorithm. Outcome measure reporting was limited to patients age 1 month to 18 years with a biventricular surgical procedure. Outcome measures included chest tube duration, cardiac intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and cost of hospitalization. Process measure was documentation of chest tube assessments. The balancing measure was chest tube reinsertions.ResultsBetween April 2016 and July 2018, 126 patients aged 1 month to 18 years underwent a biventricular surgical procedure. Mean chest tube duration decreased from 61 to 47 hours. Cardiac intensive care unit length of stay decreased from 141 hours to 89 hours, hospital length of stay decreased from 266 to 156 hours, and average hospitalization cost decreased from $75,881 to $48,118. There was no increase in chest tube reinsertions.ConclusionsImplementation of a chest tube removal algorithm for pediatric cardiac surgery patients resulted in decreased chest tube duration and was associated with decreased length of stay and costs without an increase in reinsertions. More significant impact may be attainable with more aggressive approach to removal.Copyright © 2019 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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