• José Manuel Pereira, Olga Laszczyńska, Ana Azevedo, Carla Basílio, Conceição Sousa-Dias, Paulo Mergulhão, and José Artur Paiva.
• Emergency and Intensive Care Department, Centro Hospitalar São João EPE, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: jmcrpereira@yahoo.com.
• J Crit Care. 2019 Oct 1; 53: 38-45.

PurposeTo identify a single/panel of biomarkers and to provide a point score that, after 48 h of treatment, could early predict treatment failure at fifth day of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay in severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) patients.Materials And MethodsSingle-center, prospective cohort study of 107 ICU patients with SCAP. Primary outcome included death or absence of improvement in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score by ≥2 points within 5 days of treatment. Biomarkers were evaluated within 12 h of first antibiotic dose (D1) and 48 h after the first assessment (D3).ResultsA model based on Charlson's score and a panel of biomarkers (procalcitonin on D1 and D3, B-natriuretic peptide on D1, D-dimer and lactate on D3) had good discrimination for primary outcome in both derivation (AUC 0.82) and validation (AUC 0.76) samples and was well calibrated (X2 = 0.98; df = 1; p = .32). A point score system (PRoFeSs score) built on the estimates of regression coefficients presented good discrimination (AUC 0.81; 95% Confidence Interval 0.72-0.89) for primary outcome.ConclusionsIn SCAP, a combination of biomarkers measured at admission and 48 h later may early predict treatment failure. PRoFeSs score may recognize patients with poor short-term prognosis.Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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