• Mult. Scler. · Dec 2015

    Observational Study

    Anti-JC virus antibody titres increase over time with natalizumab treatment.

    • J Raffel, A R Gafson, O Malik, and R Nicholas.
    • Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK joelraffel@doctors.org.uk.
    • Mult. Scler. 2015 Dec 1; 21 (14): 1833-8.

    BackgroundAnti-JC virus antibody status is a risk factor for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis. Previous studies have used a cross-sectional approach to conclude that the presence and duration of natalizumab treatment does not influence anti-JCV Ab seropositivity.ObjectivesUsing a longitudinal approach, we measured change in anti-JCV Ab results after natalizumab treatment.MethodsAnti-JCV Ab results (n = 1154) from the second-generation STRATIFY JCV™ DxSelect™ test were analysed from an observational cohort of MS patients on natalizumab (n = 485; n = 340 with repeat testing; n = 657 repeat tests on natalizumab).ResultsAcross sequential paired tests, seroconversion rate was greater than seroreversion rate (40/364 (11.0%) versus 18/293 (6.1%); p < 0.05). Moreover, anti-JCV Ab index increased across longitudinal paired tests (mA-B 0.102; paired t(656) = 5.0; p < 0.0001). This magnitude of Ab level increase far exceeds that expected due to increasing age alone.ConclusionOur data suggest that natalizumab therapy is associated with a significant and substantial increase in anti-JCV Ab index over time. Further work should focus on the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon, and the clinical relevance to risk stratification.© The Author(s), 2015.

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