• Yusuke Sawada, Yusuke Sasabuchi, Yasuo Nakahara, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, Nobuhiko Haga, and Hideo Yasunaga.
• Yusuke Sawada is a senior resident doctor, Yasuo Nakahara is a research associate, and Nobuhiko Haga is a professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Yusuke Sasabuchi is a project assistant professor, Department of Health Service Research, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Hiroki Matsui is an assistant professor and Hideo Yasunaga is a professor, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo. Kiyohide Fushimi is a professor, Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
• Am. J. Crit. Care. 2018 Mar 1; 27 (2): 97-103.

BackgroundCommunity-acquired pneumonia is one of the most common infectious diseases and can be fatal. The benefits of early rehabilitation in intensive care units are known, but the association between early rehabilitation and in-hospital mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to intensive care units has not been studied.ObjectivesTo study the association between early rehabilitation and the in-hospital mortality of patients with community- acquired pneumonia admitted to intensive care units, effects of early rehabilitation on unit and hospital lengths of stay, and total costs of hospitalization.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study using a national inpatient database of patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to intensive care units in acute care hospitals in Japan from July 2011 through March 2014. Propensity score-matching analysis was used to compare outcomes between patients with and without early rehabilitation (within 2 days of admission).ResultsAmong 8732 eligible patients, propensity score matching created 972 pairs of patients with and without early rehabilitation. The early rehabilitation group had significantly lower in-hospital mortality than did the group without early rehabilitation (17.9% vs 21.9%, respectively; P = .03). The groups did not differ significantly in intensive care unit or hospital lengths of stay or in total costs of hospitalization.ConclusionsEarly rehabilitation within 2 days of admission was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to intensive care units.©2018 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.

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