• Philipp Störmann, Juliane Kupsch, Kerstin Kontradowitz, Maximilian Leiblein, René Verboket, Caroline Seebach, Ingo Marzi, Dirk Henrich, and Christoph Nau.
• Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany. philipp.stoermann@kgu.de.
• Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2019 Jun 1; 45 (3): 527-538.

IntroductionMeanwhile, the osteoconductive properties of frequently used synthetic bone grafts can be improved by the use of osteoinductive cells and growth factors. Nevertheless, the cultivation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) seems to be difficult and requires a pre-conditioning of the scaffolds with fibronectin. Additionally, the influence of the scaffolds' design on cell cultivation is not fully elucidated.MethodsAs scaffold, a commercially available β-tricalcium phosphate was used. 5 × 105 EPC, or 5 × 105 MSC or a combination of each 2.5 × 105 cells was seeded onto the granules. We investigated seeding efficiency, cell morphology, cell metabolism, adherence, apoptosis and gene expression of EPC and MSC in this in vitro study on days 2, 6 and 10.ResultsTotal number of adherent cells was higher on the β-TCP without fibronectin coating. The number of cells in all approaches significantly declined when a solid β-TCP was used. Metabolic activity of MSC was comparable throughout the scaffolds and increased until day 10. Additionally, the amount of supernatants VEGF was higher for MSC than for EPC.DiscussionOur results demonstrate that a coating of the scaffold for successful cultivation of EPC in vitro is not necessary. Furthermore, our study showed that structural differences of the scaffolds significantly influenced cell adherence and metabolic activity. Thereby, the influence on EPC seems to be higher than on MSC.

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