• Guive Sharifi, Seyed Ali Mousavinejad, Karim Moradian, Kaveh Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad Samadian, Farahnaz Bidari Zerehpoosh, and Omidvar Rezaei.
• Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• World Neurosurg. 2020 Jan 1; 133: 416-418.

BackgroundBrain tuberculoma is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis especially in immunosuppressed patients. The definitive diagnosis may be difficult owing to mimicking brain tumors and the absence of the common presentation. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is used for protection against tuberculous meningitis and miliary disease, more so in children, and also for the treatment of bladder cancer.Case DescriptionThe following case of brain tuberculoma is a boy aged 6 months who was presented to our hospital with poor feeding, nausea and vomiting, and confusion lasting 1 month. A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a large mass lesion in the pineal region with generalized hydrocephaly in which polymerase chain reaction assays of the tissue was positive for Mycobacterium bovis and had a good response to antituberculosis drugs and surgery.ConclusionsWe present a case of brain tuberculoma as the complication of BCG vaccine. To our knowledge, this case is the first case of brain tuberculoma after BCG vaccination. We should consider brain tuberculoma that presents with a similar presentation in any infants with a history of BCG vaccination.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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