• Antonino Buffone, Guido Basile, Mario Costanzo, Massimiliano Veroux, Lorenza Terranova, Antonio Basile, Valeriya Okatyeva, and Maria Teresa Cannizzaro.
• Section of Endocrine Surgery, University of Catania, Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, Catania, Italy. Electronic address: a.buffone@unict.it.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2015 Jul 1; 114 (7): 647-51.

Background/PurposeRectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a rare clinical entity. It can be mistaken for other intra-abdominal disorders, which can result in diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. This study was undertaken to analyze the clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and management of patients affected with RSH.MethodsBetween January 2008 and June 2011, eight patients (5 men and 3 women with a mean age of 53 years) with RSH were evaluated according to demographic characteristics, clinical and radiological findings, and methods of treatment.ResultsSix patients developed RSH after anticoagulant therapy; one after local trauma, and one after laparoscopic intervention. Six patients were treated nonsurgically; one patient underwent embolization of the inferior epigastric artery and one underwent ligation of the bleeding vessel. The average hospital stay was 6 days. There were no mortality or thromboembolic complications.ConclusionRSH is a rare nonneoplastic entity that is usually associated with abdominal trauma and/or anticoagulant therapy. The gold standard for diagnosis is computed tomography, and ultrasonography can be used in follow-up. The treatment of choice is nonsurgical therapy because RSH is a self-limited condition. Surgical intervention should be reserved for cases with hemodynamic instability.Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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