• Roman Hovorka, Daniela Elleri, Hood Thabit, Janet M Allen, Lalantha Leelarathna, Ranna El-Khairi, Kavita Kumareswaran, Karen Caldwell, Peter Calhoun, Craig Kollman, Helen R Murphy, Carlo L Acerini, Malgorzata E Wilinska, Marianna Nodale, and David B Dunger.
• Corresponding author: Roman Hovorka, rh347@cam.ac.uk.
• Diabetes Care. 2014 Jan 1; 37 (5): 1204-11.

ObjectiveTo evaluate feasibility, safety, and efficacy of overnight closed-loop insulin delivery in free-living youth with type 1 diabetes.Research Design And MethodsOvernight closed loop was evaluated at home by 16 pump-treated adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged 12-18 years. Over a 3-week period, overnight insulin delivery was directed by a closed-loop system, and on another 3-week period sensor-augmented therapy was applied. The order of interventions was random. The primary end point was time when adjusted sensor glucose was between 3.9 and 8.0 mmol/L from 2300 to 0700 h.ResultsClosed loop was constantly applied over at least 4 h on 269 nights (80%); sensor data were collected over at least 4 h on 282 control nights (84%). Closed loop increased time spent with glucose in target by a median 15% (interquartile range -9 to 43; P < 0.001). Mean overnight glucose was reduced by a mean 14 (SD 58) mg/dL (P < 0.001). Time when glucose was <70 mg/dL was low in both groups, but nights with glucose <63 mg/dL for at least 20 min were less frequent during closed loop (10 vs. 17%; P = 0.01). Despite lower total daily insulin doses by a median 2.3 (interquartile range -4.7 to 9.3) units (P = 0.009), overall 24-h glucose was reduced by a mean 9 (SD 41) mg/dL (P = 0.006) during closed loop.ConclusionsUnsupervised home use of overnight closed loop in adolescents with type 1 diabetes is safe and feasible. Glucose control was improved during the day and night with fewer episodes of nocturnal hypoglycemia.

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