• Kazuma Yunoki and Tetsuro Sakai.
• Department of Anesthesiology, UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center), UPMC Montefiore, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. yunokik@kcho.jp.
• J Anesth. 2018 Jun 1; 32 (3): 425-433.

AbstractAn increasing number of reports indicate the efficacy of simulation training in anesthesiology resident education. Simulation education helps learners to acquire clinical skills in a safe learning environment without putting real patients at risk. This useful tool allows anesthesiology residents to obtain medical knowledge and both technical and non-technical skills. For faculty members, simulation-based settings provide the valuable opportunity to evaluate residents' performance in scenarios including airway management and regional, cardiac, and obstetric anesthesiology. However, it is still unclear what types of simulators should be used or how to incorporate simulation education effectively into education curriculums. Whether simulation training improves patient outcomes has not been fully determined. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the status of simulation in anesthesiology resident education, encourage more anesthesiologists to get involved in simulation education to propagate its influence, and stimulate future research directed toward improving resident education and patient outcomes.

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