• Shiroh Nakamoto, Tsuneo Tatara, Takuma Okamoto, and Munetaka Hirose.
• From the Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan (SN, TT, TO, MH).
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019 Sep 1; 36 (9): 667-675.

BackgroundFluid responsiveness is an important factor to consider for fluid volume loading during major surgery. The effect of continuous vasopressor infusion on fluid responsiveness during prolonged major surgery is a concern.ObjectiveWe hypothesised that continuous vasopressor infusion during major surgery might not exert significant effects on changes in stroke volume variation (SVV) following fluid bolus infusion, and thereby on fluid responsiveness.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingUniversity hospital from April 2014 to August 2016.PatientsPatients undergoing liver resection who were randomised to receive continuous intravenous infusion of phenylephrine (P group), norepinephrine (N group), or no vasopressor (C group) (n=17/group). Exclusion criteria were cardiac arrhythmia and severe cardiac, pulmonary or renal dysfunction.InterventionPatients received 4 ml kg fluid boluses of 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution when SVV was at least 12%. Vasopressors were administered continuously to maintain the systemic vascular resistance index at more than 1900 dyn s cm m.Main Outcome MeasuresCardiac index and SVV were measured using the FloTrac/Vigileo system (Version 4.00). The number of fluid boluses with fluid responsiveness (i.e. >15% increase in cardiac index) was compared between groups using multilevel logistic regression analysis.ResultsNumbers of fluid responsive boluses in the C, P and N groups were 12 (14%), 22 (34%) and 19 (27%), respectively. Odds ratios on fluid responsiveness for phenylephrine and norepinephrine compared with the control were 3.65 (97.5% confidence interval, 1.15 to 11.6; P = 0.012) and 2.56 (97.5% confidence interval, 0.82 to 8.00; P = 0.064), respectively. Decreases in SVV after fluid bolus infusion for the P and N groups were comparable with the C group (P = 0.23 and 0.53, respectively).ConclusionContinuous administration of phenylephrine increased fluid responsiveness during liver resection, suggesting complex effects of continuous vasopressor infusion involving changes in cardiac preload and afterload.Trial RegistrationUMIN000011024.

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