• Domenico Solari, Rosario Pivonello, Chiara Caggiano, Elia Guadagno, Carmela Chiaramonte, Giovanni Miccoli, Luigi M Cavallo, Marialaura Del Basso De Caro, Annamaria Colao, and Paolo Cappabianca.
• Division of Neurosurgery, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy. Electronic address: domenico.solari@unina.it.
• World Neurosurg. 2019 Jul 1; 127: 695-709.

AbstractPituitary tumors are a heterogeneous group of lesions (usually benign) and proper understanding of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the hypothalamic/pituitary region is essential to make an accurate diagnosis and define the essential treatment options (i.e., surgery, medical therapies, and radiotherapy, alone or in combination). Surgery is the primary treatment for acromegaly, Cushing disease, thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenomas, resistant prolactinomas, and nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas causing mass effect. Medical and radiation therapy are reserved in cases in which surgery is not possible or does not provide a complete cure. In the last decades, tremendous innovations (i.e., targeted drugs and refined surgical tools and techniques) have expanded the treatment strategies for pituitary adenomas. We herein report the current indications for and depiction of the surgical techniques in pituitary surgery, review current medical treatments, and provide a glimpse of future possibilities.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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