• Pengmin Zhou, Zhongheng Zhang, Yucai Hong, Huabo Cai, Hui Zhao, Peifeng Xu, Yiming Zhao, Shengping Lin, Xuchang Qin, JiaWei Guo, Yun Pan, and Junru Dai.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
• BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 23; 7 (6): e015043.

IntroductionThere is a variety of tools being used in clinical practice for the prediction of weaning success from mechanical ventilation. However, their diagnostic performances are less than satisfactory. The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of serial changes in diaphragm function measured by ultrasound during the spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) as a weaning predictor.Methods And AnalysisThis is a prospective observational study conducted in a 10-bed medical emergency intensive care unit (EICU) in a university-affiliated hospital. The study will be performed from November 2016 to December 2017. All patients in the EICU who are expected to have mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours through endotracheal tube are potentially eligible for this study. Patients will be included if they fulfil the criteria for SBT. All enrolled patients will be ventilated with an Evita-4 by using volume assist control mode prior to SBT. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) will be set to 5 cmH2O and fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) will be set to a value below 0.5 that guarantees oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) greater than 90%. Enrolled patients will undergo SBT for 2 hours in semirecumbent position. During the SBT, the patients will breathe through the ventilator circuit by using flow triggering (2 L/min) with automatic tube compensation of 100% and 5 cmH2O PEEP. The FiO2 will be set to the same value as used before SBT. If the patients fail to tolerate the SBT, the trial will be discontinued immediately and the ventilation mode will be switched to that used before the trial. Patients who pass the 2-hour SBT will be extubated. Right diaphragm excursion and bilateral diaphragm thickening fraction will be measured by ultrasonography during spontaneous breathing. Images will be obtained immediately prior to the SBT, and at 5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after the initiation of SBT. Rapid shallow breathing index will be simultaneously calculated at the bedside by a respiratory nurse.Ethics And DisseminationThe study protocol is approved by the ethics committee of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, an affiliate of Zhejiang University, Medical College. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with the worldwide medical community.Trial Registration NumberISRCTN42917473; Pre-results.© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

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