• Bjørn Erik Neerland, Maria Krogseth, Vibeke Juliebø, Hylen Ranhoff Anette A Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Department of Clinical Science, University , Knut Engedal, Frede Frihagen, Johan Ræder, Bruun Wyller Torgeir T Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. , and Leiv Otto Watne.
• Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
• Plos One. 2017 Jan 1; 12 (7): e0180641.

BackgroundDelirium is common in hip fracture patients and many risk factors have been identified. Controversy exists regarding the possible impact of intraoperative control of blood pressure upon acute (delirium) and long term (dementia) cognitive decline. We explored possible associations between perioperative hemodynamic changes, use of vasopressor drugs, risk of delirium and risk of new-onset dementia.MethodsProspective follow-up study of 696 hip fracture patients, assessed for delirium pre- and postoperatively, using the Confusion Assessment Method. Pre-fracture cognitive function was assessed using the Informant Questionnaire of Cognitive Decline in the Elderly and by consensus diagnosis. The presence of new-onset dementia was determined at follow-up evaluation at six or twelve months after surgery. Blood pressure was recorded at admission, perioperatively and postoperatively.ResultsPreoperative delirium was present in 149 of 536 (28%) assessable patients, and 124 of 387 (32%) developed delirium postoperatively (incident delirium). The following risk factors for incident delirium in patients without pre-fracture cognitive impairment were identified: low body mass index, low level of functioning, severity of physical illness, and receipt of ≥ 2 blood transfusions. New-onset dementia was diagnosed at follow-up in 26 of 213 (12%) patients, associated with severity of physical illness, delirium, receipt of vasopressor drugs perioperatively and high mean arterial pressure postoperatively.ConclusionRisk factors for incident delirium seem to differ according to pre-fracture cognitive status. The use of vasopressors during surgery and/or postoperative hypertension is associated with new-onset dementia after hip fracture.

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