• Juan Carlos Marvizon, Wenling Chen, Weisi Fu, and Bradley K Taylor.
• Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, 900 Veterans Ave., Warren Hall Building, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11310 Wilshire Blvd., Building 115, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA. Electronic address: enkephalin@protonmail.com.
• Neuropharmacology. 2019 Nov 1; 158: 107732.

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) modulates nociception in the spinal cord, but little is known about its mechanisms of release. We measured NPY release in situ using the internalization of its Y1 receptor in dorsal horn neurons. Y1 receptor immunoreactivity was normally localized to the cell surface, but addition of NPY to spinal cord slices increased the number of neurons with Y1 internalization in a biphasic fashion (EC50s of 1 nM and 1 μM). Depolarization with KCl, capsaicin, or the protein kinase A activator 6-benzoyl-cAMP also induced Y1 receptor internalization, presumably by releasing NPY. NMDA receptor activation in the presence of BVT948, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, also released NPY. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal horn frequency-dependently induced NPY release; and this was decreased by the Y1 antagonist BIBO3304, the Nav channel blocker lidocaine, or the Cav2 channel blocker ω-conotoxin MVIIC. Dorsal root immersion in capsaicin, but not its electrical stimulation, also induced NPY release. This was blocked by CNQX, suggesting that part of the NPY released by capsaicin was from dorsal horn neurons receiving synapses from primary afferents and not from the afferent themselves. Mechanical stimulation in vivo, with rub or clamp of the hindpaw, elicited robust Y1 receptor internalization in rats with spared nerve injury but not sham surgery. In summary, NPY is released from dorsal horn interneurons or primary afferent terminals by electrical stimulation and by activation of TRPV1, PKA or NMDA receptors in. Furthermore, NPY release evoked by noxious and tactile stimuli increases after peripheral nerve injury.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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