• Hsuan-Te Chu, Chih-Sung Liang, Jiunn-Tay Lee, Ta-Chuan Yeh, Meei-Shyuan Lee, Yueh-Feng Sung, and Fu-Chi Yang.
• Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
• Headache. 2018 Mar 1; 58 (3): 407-415.

BackgroundWhile migraines have been associated with emotional disturbances, it remains unknown whether the intensity of emotional expression is directly related to migraine frequency.ObjectiveThe present study investigated depression/anxiety among migraineurs.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 588 clinical outpatients in Taiwan. Migraines were stratified by attack frequency, with and without auras, and with well-controlled confounding variables. Demographic and clinical data, including sleep characteristics, were collected. Multivariable linear regressions were employed to examine whether migraine frequency (1-4 headache days per month, 5-8 headache days per month, 9-14 headache days per month, or >14 headache days per month) was associated with depression/anxiety symptoms, as indicated by the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Subscales (HADS).ResultsBDI total scores were highest in patients with chronic migraines (mean ± SD: 13.2 ± 8.5), followed by those with high frequency (12.1 ± 8.5), medium frequency (10.6 ± 8.0), low frequency (9.1 ± 7.1), and lowest in nonmigraine controls (6.6 ± 5.9), with a significant trend in frequency (P trend < .001); similar results were obtained for HADS scores. BDI and HADS scores were independently related to high-frequency episodic and chronic migraine frequency and to poor sleep quality. The relationship between BDI score and migraine frequency was present in both aura-present (P trend = .001) and aura-absent subgroups (P trend = .029).ConclusionHigher migraine frequency, either with or without auras, correlated with higher symptom scores of anxiety and depression.© 2017 American Headache Society.

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