• Lindyce A Kulik, Natalie R Hasbani, Judith J Stellar, Sandy M Quigley, Stacey S Shelley, David Wypij, Curley Martha A Q MAQ Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. , and for Braden QD Study Group.
• Cardiovascular Nursing Patient Services, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2019 Nov 1; 20 (11): 1048-1056.

ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence, location, and clinical factors associated with hospital-acquired pressure injuries among pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a multicenter prospective cohort study of pediatric pressure injury risk, including patients with congenital heart disease.SettingEight acute care academic pediatric hospitals.PatientsPatients were preterm to 21 years old with congenital heart disease and on bed rest for at least 24 hours after hospital admission with a medical device attached to or traversing the skin or mucous membrane.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsPatients were evaluated for a maximum of eight observations during a 4-week period to identify Braden QD risk and pressure injury development. Hospital-acquired pressure injuries were staged according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel guidelines. Stepwise logistic regression was used to explore risk factors associated with hospital-acquired pressure injuries development, accounting for site as a cluster variable using generalized estimating equations. Overall, 279 pediatric cardiac patients provided 919 observations (median, 2 per patient [interquartile range, 2-5 per patient]). Thirty-eight hospital-acquired pressure injuries occurred in 27 patients (9.7%). Most injuries (28/38 [74%]) were related to medical devices. The most common medical devices that caused injury were oxygen saturation probes. The remaining hospital-acquired pressure injuries were immobility-related pressure injuries (10/38 [26%]) located primarily on the buttock, sacrum, or coccyx (5/10 [50%]). In multivariable analyses, being non-Hispanic white (odds ratio, 3.54; 95% CI, 2.15-5.84), experiencing operating room time greater than 4 hours (odds ratio, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.13-7.49), having oxygen saturation levels less than 85% (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.01-6.96), and having worse Braden QD scores (odds ratio, 1.25 per 1 point increase; 95% CI, 1.17-1.34) were significantly associated with hospital-acquired pressure injuries development.ConclusionsIn this multicenter observational study of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, we describe a hospital-acquired pressure injury prevalence of 9.7% with approximately 75% of injuries related to medical devices. These data can be used to inform practice and target interventions to decrease pressure injury risk and prevent pressure injuries in this vulnerable pediatric population.

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