• Alyse M Reichheld, Kelsey Hills-Evans, Julia K Sheehan, Noah X Tocci, Mudit Tandon, Douglas Hsu, John Marshall, Sharon O'Donoghue, and Jennifer P Stevens.
• Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America. Electronic address: areichhe@bidmc.harvard.edu.
• J Crit Care. 2019 Dec 1; 54: 42-47.

PurposeOpioid associated admissions to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are increasing, but how institutions manage the care of these patients is unknown. We studied the availability of protocols and guidelines in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) for the management of the critically ill patient with opioid use disorder.Materials And MethodsA survey was sent to a random sampling of ICU clinicians at acute care hospitals in the United States.ResultsOf the 300 hospitals contacted, 118 agreed to participate and 58 submitted surveys (49%, 58/118 response rate). While a majority of ICUs has a guideline to titrate sedative analgesics, only 7% reported a guideline that addresses the sedation needs of patients with opioid use disorder. Only one respondent identified a guideline for the continuation of medication-assisted treatment such as methadone. Most respondents did not have, or were unaware of, a guideline to manage opioid withdrawal or to prevent over-reversal with naloxone. Outpatient resources were offered to patients by 36% of institutions, while even fewer reported the use of a dedicated addiction care team.ConclusionsFew institutional guidelines exist to provide clinicians with the tools necessary to prevent harm and promote recovery for this growing and vulnerable ICU population.Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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