• Kensuke Nakatani, Takaharu Kato, Shinichiro Okada, Risa Matsumoto, Kazuhiro Nishida, Hiroyasu Komuro, and Toshiyuki Suganuma.
• Department of Surgery, Yokosuka General Hospital Uwamachi, 2-36 Uwamachi, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 238-8567, Japan.
• J Med Case Rep. 2017 Sep 17; 11 (1): 263.

BackgroundAlthough gastrointestinal involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis is uncommon, it is associated with mild to severe life-threatening complications. We present a case of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis that was treated successfully with hyperbaric oxygen.Case PresentationA 70-year-old Japanese man with a 3-year history of granulomatosis with polyangiitis consulted our hospital with a complaint of severe back pain. Computed tomography showed a large amount of gas located in his bowel wall and mesentery. He underwent urgent exploratory laparotomy, which led to a diagnosis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis without intestinal perforation or necrosis. He consequently underwent 13 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and was discharged from our hospital without complications.ConclusionsSeveral previous reports have supported the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen for treating pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. The present case, however, is the first in which pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis was successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen. We therefore suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy could be a candidate treatment for pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

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