• Kazumasa Oura, Tadayoshi Kato, Hideki Ohba, and Yasuo Terayama.
• Division of Neurology and Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan. Electronic address: koura@iwate-med.ac.jp.
• J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2018 Sep 1; 27 (9): 2348-2353.

BackgroundSeveral studies have shown a linkage between intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) and plaque instability. Although contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) may help visualize IPN in the carotid artery, its benefits are limited in Japan, where there is no health insurance coverage for contrast agents in medical imaging. Superb microvascular imaging (SMI), however, enables the depiction of low-velocity blood flow. The current study compares the diagnostic accuracy of SMI and CEUS in the evaluation of IPN.MethodsThe SMI and CEUS video images were transferred to a workstation and then analyzed to determine whether intraplaque blood flow signals were detected with SMI and whether plaques were contrast-enhanced with carotid artery CEUS. The images generated were independently interpreted by 2 radiologic technologists and 1 neurologist.ResultsIntraplaque enhancement was observed in 19 patients using CEUS while intraplaque blood flow signals were observed in 12 patients using SMI. A 100% specificity was recorded for SMI (all 12 patients with SMI-detected intraplaque blood flow showed contrast-enhanced plaques), while its sensitivity was 63% (8 of the 15 patients with no SMI-detected intraplaque blood flow showed contrast-enhanced plaques on CEUS).ConclusionsThe results of this study show that patients with SMI-detected blood flow will tend to have plaque enhancement using CEUS. This suggests that SMI, as a simpler, safer, and noninvasive technique, can facilitate the visualization of carotid artery IPN without the use of a contrast agent, as well as in the clinical evaluation of plaque instability.Copyright © 2018 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

46 keywords...

hide…