• Jolande A Zijlstra, Rudolph W Koster, Marieke T Blom, Freddy K Lippert, Leif Svensson, Johan Herlitz, Jo Kramer-Johansen, Mattias Ringh, Mårten Rosenqvist, Palsgaard Møller Thea T Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Hanno L Tan, Stefanie G Beesems, Michiel Hulleman, Andreas Claesson, Fredrik Folke, Theresa Mariero Olasveengen, Mads Wissenberg, Carolina Malta Hansen, Soren Viereck, Jacob Hollenberg, and COSTA study group.
• Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• Heart. 2018 Dec 1; 104 (23): 1929-1936.

BackgroundIn the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in the dissemination of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) for prehospital defibrillation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. The aim of this study was to study the association between different defibrillation strategies on survival rates over time in Copenhagen, Stockholm, Western Sweden and Amsterdam, and the hypothesis was that non-EMS defibrillation increased over time and was associated with increased survival.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of four prospectively collected cohorts of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients between 2008 and 2013. Emergency medical service (EMS)-witnessed arrests were excluded.ResultsA total of 22 453 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with known survival status were identified, of whom 2957 (13%) survived at least 30 days postresuscitation. Of all survivors with a known defibrillation status, 2289 (81%) were defibrillated, 1349 (59%) were defibrillated by EMS, 454 (20%) were defibrillated by a first responder AED and 429 (19%) were defibrillated by an onsite AED and 57 (2%) were unknown. The percentage of survivors defibrillated by first responder AEDs (from 13% in 2008 to 26% in 2013, p<0.001 for trend) and onsite AEDs (from 14% in 2008 to 30% in 2013, p<0.001 for trend) increased. The increased use of these non-EMS AEDs was associated with the increase in survival rate of patients with a shockable initial rhythm.ConclusionSurvivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are increasingly defibrillated by non-EMS AEDs. This increase is primarily due to a large increase in the use of onsite AEDs as well as an increase in first-responder defibrillation over time. Non-EMS defibrillation accounted for at least part of the increase in survival rate of patients with a shockable initial rhythm.© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

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