• K H Englmeier, A Wieber, K A Milachowski, C Hamburger, and T Mittlmeier.
• GSF-Institut für Medizinische Informatik und Systemforschung, Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Germany.
• Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1990 Jan 1; 109 (4): 186-90.

AbstractComputed tomography is a commonly used technique for detecting pathological alterations in soft tissues and the skeleton. Three-dimensional images of the skeleton are very useful for planning surgical treatment and monitoring therapy, but unfortunately mental reconstruction of complex three-dimensional anatomical structures from conventional tomography is very difficult. This article describes a process by which automated analysis of the regions of interest in the computed tomographic (CT) images yields the contours of the surfaces which can be presented pseudo-three-dimensionally using Phong's lighting model and Gouraud's shading methods. Three applications in the areas of orthopedics and neurosurgery demonstrate the efficacy of the method.

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