• Miao Wang, Meichen Zhang, Lei Wu, Zhao Dong, and Shengyuan Yu.
• Department of Geriatric Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
• J. Neurol. Sci. 2016 Nov 15; 370: 173-179.

BackgroundLeukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC) is a rare disease in which parenchymal cysts and calcifications within a widespread leukoencephalopathy can cause a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms. We present cases with adult LCC and discuss previously described entities in relevant literature.Case PresentationTwo cases of adult-onset LCC confirmed by clinical presentations, typical neuroimaging and neuropathological findings are reported.Literature ReviewA detailed search of all relevant reports published in the English language between 1996 and 2015 via PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) was performed, with "Leukoencephalopathy", "cerebral calcifications" and "cysts" as keywords. Including the current cases, we summarized the clinical presentations, neuroimaging features, biopsy features, and genetic features of 38 LCC patients.ConclusionOur findings suggested that LCC could be diagnosed by clinical presentations, neuroimaging and gene detection, and biopsy might not be necessary. Therefore, we propose a diagnostic flow chart for neuroimaging in leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications and cysts.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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