• Joseph J Gemmete, Aditya S Pandey, Steven J Kasten, and Neeraj Chaudhary.
• Division of Interventional Neuroradiology and Cranial Base Surgery, Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery, and Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Health System, UH B1D 328, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030, USA. Electronic address: gemmete@med.umich.edu.
• Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am.. 2013 Nov 1;23(4):703-28.

AbstractVascular malformations are congenital lesions secondary to errors in the development of arteries, capillaries, veins, or lymphatics. Most of these lesions are sporadic; however, a certain percentage present with syndromes. This article discusses the clinical features, natural history, and epidemiology of these lesions, and the diagnostic imaging features of vascular anomalies of the head and neck are presented. The percutaneous/endovascular treatment of each of the vascular anomalies is described, and surgical and additional treatment options are discussed briefly. The clinical outcomes of the main forms of treatment and level of evidence are presented.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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