• Toby Jeffcote, Monica Foong, Grace Gold, Neil Glassford, Raymond Robbins, Theodore J Iwashyna, Jai Darvall, Sean M Bagshaw, and Rinaldo Bellomo.
• Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
• J Crit Care. 2019 Dec 1; 54: 250-255.

ObjectivesThe primary objective was to identify the proportion of patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) beyond day 10, the recently defined time of onset of Persistent Critical Illness (PerCI). The secondary objective was to identify underlying diagnoses, intensive care unit (ICU) based therapies, relevant complications, and outcomes of patients with PerCI.Subjects100 PerCI patients and 100 age, sex, mechanical ventilation for >24 h, acute physiology and chronic health score (APACHE III) and co-morbidity score-matched controls.Main ResultsThe maximum proportion of PerCI patients requiring invasive MV beyond day 10 was 66%. PerCI patients were more likely to have respiratory, septic, or neurosurgical admission diagnoses (p = .01). In the first 10 ICU days, they received multiple types of ICU-based treatments for longer duration and had a higher incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (p = .008). Hospital discharge destination differed significantly (p≤.001), with greater mortality (34% vs. 22%) and discharge to chronic care facility (11% vs. 0%).ConclusionsMechanical ventilation beyond day 10 affected only two thirds of PerCI patients. However, VAP was a key complication in such patients. Discharge to chronic care facilities and hospital mortality were more common in PerCI patients.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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