• Biological psychiatry · Jul 2011

    General and specific functional connectivity disturbances in first-episode schizophrenia during cognitive control performance.

    • Alex Fornito, Jong Yoon, Andrew Zalesky, Edward T Bullmore, and Cameron S Carter.
    • Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ornitoa@unimelb.edu.au
    • Biol. Psychiatry. 2011 Jul 1; 70 (1): 64-72.

    BackgroundCognitive control impairments in schizophrenia are thought to arise from dysfunction of interconnected networks of brain regions, but interrogating the functional dynamics of large-scale brain networks during cognitive task performance has proved difficult. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to generate event-related whole-brain functional connectivity networks in participants with first-episode schizophrenia and healthy control subjects performing a cognitive control task.MethodsFunctional connectivity during cognitive control performance was assessed between each pair of 78 brain regions in 23 patients and 25 control subjects. Network properties examined were region-wise connectivity, edge-wise connectivity, global path length, clustering, small-worldness, global efficiency, and local efficiency.ResultsPatients showed widespread functional connectivity deficits in a large-scale network of brain regions, which primarily affected connectivity between frontal cortex and posterior regions and occurred irrespective of task context. A more circumscribed and task-specific connectivity impairment in frontoparietal systems related to cognitive control was also apparent. Global properties of network topology in patients were relatively intact.ConclusionsThe first episode of schizophrenia is associated with a generalized connectivity impairment affecting most brain regions but that is particularly pronounced for frontal cortex. Superimposed on this generalized deficit, patients show more specific cognitive-control-related functional connectivity reductions in frontoparietal regions. These connectivity deficits occur in the context of relatively preserved global network organization.Copyright © 2011 Society of Biological Psychiatry. All rights reserved.

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