• Thangavelautham Suhitharan, Thi Phuong Tu Pham, Helen Chen, Pryseley Nkouibert Assam, Rehena Sultana, Han Nian-Lin Reena NL Division of Clinical Support Services, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore., Ene-Choo Tan, and Ban Leong Sng.
• Department of Women's Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
• Neuropsych Dis Treat. 2016 Jan 1; 12: 1333-9.

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of peripartum analgesic and psychological factors that may be related to postpartum depression (PPD).MethodsThis case-control study was conducted in pregnant females who delivered at KK Women's and Children's Hospital from November 2010 to October 2013 and had postpartum psychological assessment. Demographic, medical, and postpartum psychological status assessments, intrapartum data including method of induction of labor, mode of labor analgesia, duration of first and second stages of labor, mode of delivery, and pain intensity on hospital admission and after delivery were collected. PPD was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and clinical assessment by the psychiatrist.ResultsThere were 62 cases of PPD and 417 controls after childbirth within 4-8 weeks. The odds of PPD was significantly lower (33 of 329 [10.0%]) in females who received epidural analgesia for labor compared with those who chose nonepidural analgesia (29 of 150 [19.3%]) ([odds ratio] 0.47 (0.27-0.8), P=0.0078). The multivariate analysis showed that absence of labor epidural analgesia, increasing age, family history of depression, history of depression, and previous history of PPD were independent risk factors for development of PPD.ConclusionThe absence of labor epidural analgesia remained as an independent risk factor for development of PPD when adjusted for psychiatric predictors of PPD such as history of depression or PPD and family history of depression.

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