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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2003
ReviewImaging and anatomy of the normal intracranial venous system.
- James N Scott and Richard I Farb.
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. jn.scott@utoronto.ca
- Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 2003 Feb 1; 13 (1): 1-12.
AbstractThe intracranial venous system is a complex three-dimensional structure that is often asymmetric and considerably more variable than the arterial anatomy. The traditional approach has been to evaluate venous phase of catheter angiography. However, non-invasive imaging is now playing a greater role in evaluating the intracranial venous system in both healthy and diseased states. MR angiography, and especially Gd-enhanced 3D MRA, has recently emerged and offers excellent visualization of venous morphology from multiple orientations. An overview of the current non-invasive MRA methods and their applications has been provided during depiction of normal venous anatomy.
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