• Masao Iwagami, Kathryn Mansfield, Jennifer Quint, Dorothea Nitsch, and Laurie Tomlinson.
• Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK. masao.iwagami@lshtm.ac.uk.
• BMC Pulm Med. 2016 Jan 19; 16: 14.

BackgroundMany patients with bronchiectasis have recurrent hospitalisations for infective exacerbations. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is known to be associated with increased in-hospital mortality. This study examined the frequency of AKI, associated risk-factors, and the association of AKI with in-hospital mortality among patients with bronchiectasis.MethodsAnonymised data of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, linked to Hospital Episode Statistics, were used to identify hospitalisations with a primary diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), from 2004 to 2013. After estimating the proportion of AKI diagnoses, a multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to investigate which background factors were associated with AKI. In-hospital mortality was compared between hospitalisations with and without an AKI diagnosis, with subsequent logistic regression analyses carried out for the association between AKI and in-hospital mortality.ResultsOf 7804 hospitalisations due to LRTI observed in 3477 patients with bronchiectasis, 230 hospitalisations involved an AKI diagnosis, an average of 2.9%. However, the percentage increased from less than 2% in 2004 to nearly 5% in 2013. After taking this temporal change into account, AKI was independently associated with older age, male sex, decreased baseline kidney function, previous history of AKI, and a diagnosis of sepsis. In-hospital mortality was 33.0% (76/230) and 6.8% (516/7574), in hospitalisations with and without AKI, respectively (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, diagnosis of AKI remained associated with in-hospital mortality (Odds ratio 5.52, 95% confidence interval: 3.62-8.42).ConclusionsAmong people with bronchiectasis hospitalised for infective exacerbations, there is an important subgroup of patients who develop AKI. These patients have substantially increased in-hospital mortality and therefore greater awareness is needed.

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