• L M Chen, L Liu, X Tao, Y He, L P Guo, H W Zhang, X R Zhou, and L Sui.
• Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Obstetrics and Gynecology Affiliated to Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases in Shanghai, Shanghai 200011, China.
• Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2019 Aug 25; 54 (8): 534-540.

AbstractObjective: To analyze clinical outcome of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) within 24 months after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), and to explore risk factors of recurrent cervical HSIL, the risk of progress into cervical cancer and methods of follow-up. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on 1 005 patients who underwent LEEP, diagnosing with HSIL after LEEP from January 2011 to December 2013 at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University to confer the difference between non-recurrent group and recurrent group 24 months after the LEEP conization. Patients were followed with ThinPrep cytologic test (TCT), high risk HPV (HR-HPV) test, colposcopy guided biopsy. Results: A total of 1 005 cases were enrolled in this study with HSIL in the LEEP specimen, no residual HSIL in the 6-month follow up, and have follow up records in 24 months after LEEP. HSIL recurred in 5 cases, microinvasive carcinoma in 1 case, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in 17 cases at 12 months follow-up. HSIL recurred in 8 cases, LSIL in 11 cases, adenocarcinoma in situ in 1 case, and invasive cervical carcinoma in 1 case in Ⅰb1 stage at 24 months after LEEP. The recurrence rate was 1.3% (13/1 005) , and the progression rate was 0.3% (3/1 005) . There was no significant difference in age, length, circumference and width of LEEP between recurrent and non-recurrent patients (P>0.05) . The recurrence rate was highest in the endocervical positive margin group with 3/16, which was higher than ectocervical positive margin and negative margin (P<0.01, P=0.040, respectively). The recurrence rate of endocervical positive margin group and fibrous interstitial positive margin group showed no significant difference (P=0.320) . There was no significant difference between ectocervical positive margin and negative margin [2.8% (2/72) vs 0.7% (6/882), P=0.117]. Postoperative cytological examination combined with HR-HPV detection has a high sensitive and high negative predictor value of HSIL recurrence with both 100.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that positive endocervical positive margin, abnormal follow-up cytological examination and positive HR-HPV after LEEP were independent factors affecting recurrence of HSIL patients after LEEP (P<0.05). Conclusions: Age, length, circumference and width of LEEP have no effect on recurrence within 24 months after HSIL. The high risk factors for HSIL recurrence within 24 months after LEEP in HSIL patients include: positive HPV, abnormal cytology, and positive endocervical positive margin. Colposcopy biopsy and endocervical curettage have important role in diagnosing HSIL recurrence and progression.

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