• Claudio C Natalini, Carolina L Krahn, Priscila B S Serpa, Joanna E Griffith, and Ricardo Miyasaka de Almeida.
• Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Animal Medicine Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: claudio.natalini@ufrgs.br.
• Vet Anaesth Analg. 2017 Mar 1; 44 (2): 219-227.

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of a new intravenous (IV) nanoemulsified isoflurane formulation for maintenance of general anesthesia in dogs.Study DesignProspective, crossover, experimental study.AnimalsSeven healthy, mature, mixed-breed dogs, three male and four female, weighing 11.5 ± 1.5 kg.MethodsAnesthesia was induced with propofol for instrumentation. Measurements were obtained before administration of either inhaled isoflurane (Iso-I) or IV 15% isoflurane-loaded lipid nanoemulsion (Iso-nano). The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane was determined using the 'up-and-down' technique. A tail clamp was applied every 15 minutes for a total time of 90 minutes and isoflurane administration was adjusted according to the response. Data were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 minutes for end-tidal isoflurane concentration (Fe´Iso), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pe'CO2), inspired isoflurane concentration (FIIso), arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2), peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (fR), heart rate (HR), arterial blood pH, PaCO2, PaO2, base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3-), systemic arterial pressure (sAP), and biochemical variables of blood urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase and creatinine.ResultsNo significant differences between treatments were detected for HR, fR, SaO2 or any biochemical variables (p > 0.05). In the Iso-nano treatment, sAP was significantly decreased throughout the study. Significant decreases in pH, Pe'CO2, BE and HCO3- were measured in the Iso-nano treatment. Isoflurane MAC was significantly lower in the Iso-nano than the Iso-I treatment. The dose of isoflurane (g hour-1) required to maintain general anesthesia did not differ significantly between treatments.Conclusions And Clinical RelevanceAdministration of 15% isoflurane-loaded lipid nanoemulsion IV was effective in maintaining general anesthesia in dogs but did not reduce the amount of isoflurane necessary to maintain general anesthesia. Significant hypotension and nonrespiratory acidosis occurred with the injectable form.Copyright © 2017 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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