• Hong-Xiu Diao, Shuai Zhang, Xue-Yuan Hu, Wei Guan, Li Luan, Hai-Yu Liu, and Hong-Gang Fan.
• Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
• Vet Anaesth Analg. 2017 Jan 1; 44 (1): 114-120.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the behavior and some cardiopulmonary variables of dexmedetomidine-midazolam or dexmedetomidine-midazolam-butor-phanol in the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes).Study DesignBlinded, randomized design.AnimalsSixteen adult silver foxes, aged 7-9 months, weighting 6.0-9.2 kg.MethodsAnimals were randomly assigned to dexmedetomidine (50 μg kg-1) and midazolam (0.45 mg kg-1) (group DM) or to dexmedetomidine (30 μg kg-1), midazolam (0.45 mg kg-1) and butorphanol (0.25 mg kg-1) (group DMB), administered intramuscularly. Pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (fR), noninvasive arterial pressures, oxygen saturation (SpO2), rectal temperature (T) and behavioral scores (posture, sedation, antinociception, jaw relaxation and auditory response) were measured at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes after injection. Time from drug injection to recumbency with no response to stimuli (IT) and time from administration of atipamezole (0.2 mg kg-1) to standing with coordination (RT) were recorded. The occurrences of adverse events were recorded. Data were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired t-tests and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Significant differences were accepted at p<0.05.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups for IT or RT. Arterial pressures were higher in DMB at each time point except at 5 minutes. PR was lower in DM at each time point except at 10 and 60 minutes. No significant difference was found between the groups for fR, SpO2 and T. The behavioral scores were significantly lower (lower quality immobilization) in DMB at 5,10 and 60 minutes.Conclusions And Clinical RelevanceIT and RT were not different between the groups. Both protocols provided immobilization for 30-40 minutes with excellent muscle relaxation and analgesia adequate for clinical examinations and some simple surgical procedures.Copyright © 2016 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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