• Anna Sorensen, Lisa W Le, Nadia Swami, Breffni Hannon, Monika K Krzyzanowska, Kirsten Wentlandt, Gary Rodin, and Camilla Zimmermann.
• Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• Palliat Med. 2020 Jan 1; 34 (1): 114-125.

BackgroundEvidence supporting early palliative care is based on trials of specialised palliative care, but a more sustainable model might involve mainly primary providers.AimThe aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of physicians providing primary and specialised palliative care, their attitudes towards early palliative care and their perception of having sufficient resources for its provision.DesignSurvey distributed by mail and e-mail. Specialised providers were defined as both receiving palliative care referrals from other physicians and not providing palliative care only for their own patients.Setting/ParticipantsA total of 531 physicians providing palliative care in Canada (71% participation) participated in the study.ResultsOf the participants, 257 (48.4%) provided specialised and 274 (51.6%) primary care. Specialists were more likely to have palliative care training (71.8% vs 35.2%), work in urban areas (94.1% vs 75.6%), academic centres (47.8% vs 26.0%) and on teams (82.4% vs 16.8%), and to provide mainly cancer care (84.4% vs 65.1%) (all p < 0.001). Despite strongly favouring early palliative care, only half in each group agreed they had resources to deliver it; agreement was stronger among family physicians, those working on teams and those with greater availability of community and psychosocial support. Primary providers were more likely to agree that renaming the specialty 'supportive care' would increase patient comfort with early palliative care referral (47.4% vs 35.5%, p < 0.001).ConclusionDespite strongly favouring the concept, both specialists and primary providers lack resources to deliver early palliative care; its provision may be facilitated by team-based care with appropriate support. Opinions differ regarding the value of renaming palliative care.

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