• Andrea Cortegiani, Andrea Manca, and Antonino Giarratano.
• Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo.
• Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2020 Apr 1; 33 (2): 192-197.

Purpose Of ReviewPredatory publishing poses a serious educational end ethical threat to the credibility of science. The aim of this review is to discuss the main features of this deceptive open-access model, its potential consequences and relevance for the whole scientific community.Recent FindingsRecent reports showed that scholars and clinicians from all research fields, including anesthesiology, are facing an alarming invasion of predatory journals and, more recently, fake conferences. This review discusses key elements of these phenomena and proposes countermeasures to tackle the problem.SummaryPredatory journals and conferences are two sides of the same coin. As here reviewed, their deceptive practices have negative implications for scientists and clinicians, both educational and ethical. These range from publication of experimental data that are unreliable and poorly verified to inflated curricula and 'doped' academic careers. Because clinical practice is heavily based on research data, a solution is needed to ultimately ensure patients' safety.

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