• Maria Pierro, Fabrizio Ciralli, Mariarosa Colnaghi, Mara Vanzati, Domenica Mercadante, Dario Consonni, and Fabio Mosca.
• a NICU, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università Degli Studi Di Milano , Milan , Italy and.
• J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2016 Jan 1; 29 (16): 2675-80.

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to retrospectively investigate the association between initial oxygen concentration in delivery room and short-term outcomes in preterm infants.MethodsData from infants needing neonatal resuscitation, born at our department between January 2008 and December 2011, were analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups based on gestational age: between 32 and 36 weeks, between 31 and 28 weeks, and below 28 weeks.ResultsThe administration of each additional unit of oxygen up to 50% showed an association with a 5% increased need for mechanical ventilation (MV) in the neonatal intensive care unit in infants between 32 and 36 weeks [adjusted odds ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.1] and infants between 28 and 31 weeks (adjusted odds ratio 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.44). On the contrary, in infants below 28 weeks, increasing initial concentration of supplementary oxygen did not show any association with MV.ConclusionsInitial oxygen concentration seems to be associated with increased MV in the NICU. Our observations further stress the need for randomized controlled studies in order to obtain definitive recommendations for the optimal initial oxygen concentration during neonatal resuscitation of preterm infants.

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