• Nicolas Paleiron, Frédéric Grassin, Christophe Lancelin, Cécile Tromeur, Jacques Margery, Claudia Natale, Francis Couturaud, and GFPC Group.
• Respiratory Disease Unit, HIA Sainte Anne, Toulon, France; Département de médecine interne et pneumologie, GETBO EA3878 CIC INSERM 1412, CHU Cavale Blanche, Brest, France. Electronic address: nicolas.paleiron@intradef.gouv.fr.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2020 Oct 1; 160 (4): 1050-1059.e3.

ObjectivesThe preOVNI study was a randomized, controlled, open-label study that investigated whether preoperative noninvasive ventilation (NIV) could reduce postoperative complications after lung cancer surgery.MethodsAdult patients with planned lung cancer resection and with at least 1 cardiac or respiratory comorbidity were included and randomly assigned to preoperative NIV (at least 7 days and 4 h/day) or no NIV. The primary endpoint was the rate of postoperative protocol-defined complications.ResultsThree hundred patients were included. In the NIV group, the median NIV duration was 8 days. No difference of postoperative complication rates was evidenced: 42.6% in NIV group and 44.8% in no-NIV group (P = .75). The rate of pneumonia was greater in no-NIV group compared with the NIV group, but statistical significance was not achieved (28.0 vs 37.7%, respectively; P = .08). The type of surgery (open or minimally invasive) did not impact these results after multivariable analysis.ConclusionsNo benefit was evidenced for preoperative NIV before lung cancer surgery. Further studies should determine the optimal perioperative management to decrease the rate of postoperative complications.Copyright © 2019 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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