• Lin Chen, Hailin Zhao, Azeem Alam, Emma Mi, Shiori Eguchi, Shanglong Yao, and Daqing Ma.
• Department of Anaesthesiology, Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2019 Mar 4; 19 (1): 3030.

AbstractPostoperative remote lung injury is a complication following various surgeries and is associated with short and long-term mortality and morbidity. The release of proinflammatory cytokines, damage-associated molecular patterns such as high-mobility group box-1, nucleotide-biding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 and heat shock protein, and cell death signalling activation, trigger a systemic inflammatory response, which ultimately results in organ injury including lung injury. Except high financial burden, the outcome of patients developing postoperative remote lung injury is often not optimistic. Several risk factors had been classified to predict the occurrence of postoperative remote lung injury, while lung protective ventilation and other strategies may confer protective effect against it. Understanding the pathophysiology of this process will facilitate the design of novel therapeutic strategies and promote better outcomes of surgical patients. This review discusses the cause and pathology underlying postoperative remote lung injury. Risk factors, surgical outcomes and potential preventative/treatment strategies against postoperative remote lung injury are also addressed.

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