• Flá Vio de Queiroz-Telles, Paula Massaroni Peçanha Pietrobom, Marcos Rosa Júnior, Rodrigo de Melo Baptista, and Paulo Mendes Peçanha.
• Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Parana, Parana, Brazil.
• Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Feb 1; 41 (1): 53-68.

AbstractParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most relevant systemic endemic mycoses in Latin American countries, especially in South American countries, with endemic and hyperendemic areas. The real burden of PCM may be underestimated because of a lack of compulsory case notification. Recent phylogenetic data revealed that Paracoccidioides brasiliensis comprises several cryptic species including P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii. However, the genetic biodiversity of Paracoccidioides does not affect the clinical manifestations or therapeutic response to therapy. Lung involvement is a common finding, especially in patients experiencing the chronic form of the disease, and, because of its similarities with tuberculosis, clinicians must be alert to the possibility of PCM in patients with chronic respiratory manifestations and epidemiological risk factors for this fungal disease.Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

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