• Augusto A Litonjua, Vincent J Carey, Nancy Laranjo, Benjamin J Stubbs, Hooman Mirzakhani, George T O'Connor, Megan Sandel, Avraham Beigelman, Leonard B Bacharier, Robert S Zeiger, Michael Schatz, Bruce W Hollis, and Scott T Weiss.
• From the Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (A.A.L.); the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (V.J.C., N.L., B.J.S., H.M., S.T.W.), Harvard Medical School (V.J.C., H.M., S.T.W.), the Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine (G.T.O.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center (M. Sandel) - all in Boston; the Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis (A.B., L.B.B.); Kaiser Permanente Southern California, San Diego (R.S.Z., M. Schatz); and the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (B.W.H.).
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2020 Feb 6; 382 (6): 525533525-533.

BackgroundWe previously reported the results of a trial of prenatal vitamin D supplementation to prevent asthma and recurrent wheeze in young children, which suggested that supplementation provided a protective effect at the age of 3 years. We followed the children through the age of 6 years to determine the course of asthma and recurrent wheeze.MethodsIn this follow-up study, investigators and participants remained unaware of the treatment assignments through the children's sixth birthday. We aimed to determine whether, when maternal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were taken into account, children born to mothers who had received 4400 IU of vitamin D3 per day during pregnancy (vitamin D group) would have a lower incidence of asthma and recurrent wheeze at the age of 6 years than would those born to mothers who had received 400 IU of vitamin D3 per day (control group). Time-to-event methods were used to compare the treatment groups with respect to time to the onset of asthma or recurrent wheeze. Multivariate methods were used to compare longitudinal measures of lung function between the treatment groups.ResultsThere was no effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on asthma and recurrent wheeze in either an intention-to-treat analysis or an analysis with stratification according to the maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D level during pregnancy. There was no effect of prenatal vitamin D supplementation on most of the prespecified secondary outcomes. We found no effects of prenatal supplementation on spirometric indexes. Although there was a very small effect on airway resistance as measured by impulse oscillometry, this finding was of uncertain significance.ConclusionsVitamin D supplementation during the prenatal period alone did not influence the 6-year incidence of asthma and recurrent wheeze among children who were at risk for asthma. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; VDAART ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00920621.).Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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