• Mayson Laércio de Araújo Sousa, Rudys Magrans, Fátima K Hayashi, Lluís Blanch, Robert M Kacmarek, and Juliana C Ferreira.
• Divisao de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Serviço de Fisioterapia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: mayson.laercio@hc.fm.usp.br.
• J Crit Care. 2020 Jun 1; 57: 30-35.

PurposeTo investigate if respiratory mechanics and other baseline characteristics are predictors of patient-ventilator asynchrony and to evaluate the relationship between asynchrony during assisted ventilation and clinical outcomes.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study in patients under mechanical ventilation (MV). Baseline measurements included severity of illness and respiratory mechanics. The primary outcome was the Asynchrony Index (AI), defined as the number of asynchronous events divided by the number of ventilator cycles and wasted efforts. We recorded ventilator waveforms throughout the entire period of MV.ResultsWe analyzed 11,881 h of MV from 103 subjects. Median AI during the entire period of MV was 5.1% (IQR:2.6-8.7). Intrinsic PEEP was associated with AI (OR:1.72, 95%CI:1.1-2.68), but static compliance and airway resistance were not. Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (OR:1.03, 95%CI:1-1.06) was also associated with AI. Median AI was higher during assisted (5.4%, IQR:2.9-9.1) than controlled (2%, IQR:0.6-4.9) ventilation, and 22% of subjects had high incidence of asynchrony (AI≥10%). Subjects with AI≥10% had more extubation failure (33%) than patients with AI<10% (6%), p = .01.ConclusionsPredictors of high incidence of asynchrony were severity of illness and intrinsic PEEP. High incidence of asynchrony was associated with extubation failure, but not mortality.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02687802.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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