• Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Aug 2019

    Review

    Disorders of Ventral Induction/Spectrum of Holoprosencephaly.

    • Sonia Francesca Calloni, Luca Caschera, and Fabio Maria Triulzi.
    • Department of Neuroradiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina Milano 60, 20132 Milano, Italy. Electronic address: calloni.soniafrancesca@hsr.it.
    • Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. 2019 Aug 1; 29 (3): 411-421.

    AbstractDisorders of the ventral induction give rise to a group of congenital malformations that share in common the failure of the prosencephalon cleavage and subsequent formation of midline structures, presenting with a wide spectrum of severity. This article focuses on the imaging findings of the holoprosencephaly spectrum and septo-optic dysplasia, their epidemiology, embryology, and the common clinical associated anomalies. Knowledge of the imaging features of these disorders is necessary for a correct interpretation of findings and accurate parental counseling. Diagnostic evaluation of patients should include molecular screening and genetic counseling to characterize prognosis and risk of recurrence.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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