• Kenji Miki, Kazuhiro Samura, and Masatou Kawashima.
• Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: mickeydreamk@yahoo.co.jp.
• World Neurosurg. 2020 Jun 1; 138: 1-6.

BackgroundFor several variants of quasi-moyamoya disease, cerebral revascularization treatment is as effective as it is for the more typical cases of moyamoya disease. Here, we examined a case of moyamoya disease with concurrent congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). On the basis of concurrent underlying disease, the patient was considered to have quasi-moyamoya disease and was treated with cerebral revascularization.Case DescriptionA 36-year-old female presented with a large cerebral infarction. She was diagnosed with quasi-moyamoya disease on the basis of clinical and imaging features. The ischemic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction improved after combined direct and indirect revascularization.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first known report of moyamoya disease with concurrent CRS. We treated this patient with revascularization as typical for other quasi-moyamoya conditions including Down syndrome. This case emphasizes the effectiveness of revascularization treatment for moyamoya disease with concurrent CRS for the prevention of ischemic stroke and improvement of cognitive function, despite existing cerebral infarction.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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