• Transpl Infect Dis · Dec 2018

    Risk factors for mortality after respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection in adults with hematologic malignancies.

    • Erik Vakil, Ajay Sheshadri, Saadia A Faiz, Dimpy P Shah, Yayuan Zhu, Liang Li, Joumana Kmeid, Jacques Azzi, Amulya Balagani, Lara Bashoura, Ella Ariza-Heredia, and Roy F Chemaly.
    • Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
    • Transpl Infect Dis. 2018 Dec 1; 20 (6): e12994.

    BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is associated with high mortality in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM). We sought to determine whether allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients would be at higher risk for 60-day mortality.MethodsWe examined a retrospective cohort of adults with HM with or without HCT treated for RSV LRTI (n = 154) at our institution from 1996-2013. We defined possible RSV LRTI as RSV detected only in the upper respiratory tract with new radiologic infiltrates and proven RSV LRTI as RSV detected in BAL fluid with new radiologic infiltrates. Immunodeficiency Scoring Index (ISI) and Severe Immunodeficiency (SID) criteria were calculated for HCT recipients. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors associated with 60-day all-cause mortality.ResultsMortality was high in HM patients (25%), but there was no difference between those without HCT, autologous or allo-HCT recipients in logistic regression models. Separate multivariate models showed that at RSV diagnosis, neutropenia (OR 8.3, 95% CI 2.8-24.2, P = 0.005) and lymphopenia (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.7-8.2, P = 0.001) were associated with 60-day mortality. Proven LRTI was associated with higher 60-day mortality (neutropenia model: OR 4.7, 95%CI 1.7-13.5; lymphopenia model: OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-8.8), and higher ICU admission. In HCT recipients, high ISI and very severe immunodeficiency by SID criteria were associated with higher 60-day all-cause mortality.ConclusionsMortality is similarly high among HM patients without HCT and HCT recipients. High-grade immunodeficiency and detection of RSV from BAL fluid are associated with higher 60-day mortality.© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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