• Craig Furnish, Scott W Mueller, Tyree H Kiser, Lisa Dufficy, Breandan Sullivan, and Jacob T Beyer.
• University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2020 Jul 1; 34 (7): 1763-1770.

ObjectiveTo compare methylene blue with hydroxocobalamin as a rescue therapy for vasoplegic syndrome.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsPatients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery treated for vasoplegic syndrome.InterventionsThirty-five patients were treated with methylene blue (n = 16) or hydroxocobalamin (n = 19).Measurements And Main ResultsMean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and vasopressor exposures were recorded before and after medication administration. Change in time-averaged norepinephrine equivalents in the hour after administration was the primary outcome. The average norepinephrine equivalent observed at baseline in this cohort was 0.347 µg/kg/min. Methylene blue patients had greater Acute Physiological Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (29.8 v 22.2; p = 0.01) and trended toward greater European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II values (26.8% v 15.1%; p = 0.07). Methylene blue and hydroxocobalamin were associated with increased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance 1 hour after administration (10.6 mmHg and 192 dyn*sec/cm5; p = 0.01 and p = 0.01, respectively; 11.8 mmHg and 254 dyn*sec/cm5; p = 0.002 and p = 0.015, respectively). Hemodynamic changes were not different between the rescue therapy groups (p = 0.79 and p = 0.53, respectively). No significant differences were observed within the 1-hour change in time-averaged norepinephrine equivalents for either agent or when methylene blue and hydroxocobalamin were compared (0.012 ± 0.218 µg/kg/min v -0.037 ± 0.027 µg/kg/min; p = 0.46, respectively). When compared with baseline time-averaged norepinephrine equivalent (0.326 ± 0.106 µg/kg/min), only hydroxocobalamin was associated with decreased vasopressor requirements at the 1-hour (0.255 ± 0.129 µg/kg/min; p = 0.03) and 4-hour time points (0.247 ± 0.180 µg/kg/min; p = 0.04) post-administration.ConclusionMethylene blue and hydroxocobalamin increased mean arterial pressures and systemic vascular resistance without significantly decreasing time-averaged norepinephrine exposure in the hour after administration.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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