• Loic Barrot, Pierre Asfar, Frederic Mauny, Hadrien Winiszewski, Florent Montini, Julio Badie, QuenotJean-PierreJPFrom the Medical Intensive Care Unit (L.B., H.W., L.V., G.C.), the Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit (L.B., S.P.-F.), Unité de Méthodologie, INSERM Clinical Investigation Center 1431, University Hospital (F. Mauny, M.P.), and Research , Sebastien Pili-Floury, Belaid Bouhemad, Guillaume Louis, Bertrand Souweine, Olivier Collange, Julien Pottecher, Bruno Levy, Marc Puyraveau, Lucie Vettoretti, Jean-Michel Constantin, Gilles Capellier, and LOCO2 Investigators and REVA Research Network.
• From the Medical Intensive Care Unit (L.B., H.W., L.V., G.C.), the Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit (L.B., S.P.-F.), Unité de Méthodologie, INSERM Clinical Investigation Center 1431, University Hospital (F. Mauny, M.P.), and Research Unit EA3920, Université de Franche Comté (L.B., H.W. S.P.-F., G.C.), Besançon, the Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Angers, Angers (P.A.), the Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Avignon, Avignon (F. Montini), the Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Nord Franche-Comté, Trévenans (J.B.), the Medical Intensive Care Unit (J.-P.Q.) and the Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit (B.B.), University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, the Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Metz-Thionville, Metz (G.L.), the Medical Intensive Care Unit (B.S.) and the Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit (J.-M.C.), University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, the Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (O.C., J.P.), and the Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy (B.L.) - all in France; and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (G.C.).
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2020 Mar 12; 382 (11): 999-1008.

BackgroundIn patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute ARDS Clinical Trials Network recommends a target partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao2) between 55 and 80 mm Hg. Prospective validation of this range in patients with ARDS is lacking. We hypothesized that targeting the lower limit of this range would improve outcomes in patients with ARDS.MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized trial, we assigned patients with ARDS to receive either conservative oxygen therapy (target Pao2, 55 to 70 mm Hg; oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry [Spo2], 88 to 92%) or liberal oxygen therapy (target Pao2, 90 to 105 mm Hg; Spo2, ≥96%) for 7 days. The same mechanical-ventilation strategies were used in both groups. The primary outcome was death from any cause at 28 days.ResultsAfter the enrollment of 205 patients, the trial was prematurely stopped by the data and safety monitoring board because of safety concerns and a low likelihood of a significant difference between the two groups in the primary outcome. Four patients who did not meet the eligibility criteria were excluded. At day 28, a total of 34 of 99 patients (34.3%) in the conservative-oxygen group and 27 of 102 patients (26.5%) in the liberal-oxygen group had died (difference, 7.8 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.8 to 20.6). At day 90, 44.4% of the patients in the conservative-oxygen group and 30.4% of the patients in the liberal-oxygen group had died (difference, 14.0 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.7 to 27.2). Five mesenteric ischemic events occurred in the conservative-oxygen group.ConclusionsAmong patients with ARDS, early exposure to a conservative-oxygenation strategy with a Pao2 between 55 and 70 mm Hg did not increase survival at 28 days. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; LOCO2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02713451.).Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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