• Suzan Willemse, Wim Smeets, Evert van Leeuwen, Trijnie Nielen-Rosier, Loes Janssen, and Norbert Foudraine.
• Department of Spiritual Care, VieCuri Medical Centre, P.O. Box 1926, 5900 BX Venlo, the Netherlands. Electronic address: sjl.willemse@gmail.com.
• J Crit Care. 2020 Jun 1; 57: 55-78.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to review the literature for three major domains in relation to spiritual care in the ICU, namely Quality of Life (QoL), Quality of Care (QoC), and Education (E).MethodAn integrative literature research.ResultsThe 113 selected articles reveal that spirituality is an essential component of QoL and that complementary and effective spiritual care (SC) relieves distress of patients and their relatives. Furthermore, the contribution of SC to quality of care is: 1) diagnosing and addressing spiritual and emotional needs among patients and their relatives; 2) offering spiritual comfort to the patient in distress; 3) increased spiritual well-being of both patients and their relatives; 4) increased family satisfaction in general and by shared decision-making. Finally, the literature reveals the necessity to improve SC knowledge and skills of ICU healthcare professionals (IC HCPs) through relevant training courses.ConclusionSC contributes to QoL and QoC. The literature indicates that IC HCPs acknowledge the need to improve their SC knowledge and skills to enhance complementary, effective SC. Further research on SC as an integrated part of daily ICU care is necessary to improve QoL and QoC of patients and their relatives.Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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