• Jocelyne R Benatar, Karishma Sidhu, and Ralph A H Stewart.
• Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
• Plos One. 2013 Jan 1; 8 (10): e76480.

ImportanceClear guidelines on the health effects of dairy food are important given the high prevalence of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and increasing global consumption of dairy food.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of increased dairy food on cardio metabolic risk factors.Data SourcesSearches were performed until April 2013 using MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google,Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, reference lists of articles, and proceedings of major meetings.Study SelectionRandomized controlled studies with healthy adults randomized to increased dairy food for more than one month without additional interventions.Data Extraction And SynthesisA standard list was used to extract descriptive, methodological and key variables from all eligible studies. If data was not included in the published report corresponding authors were contacted.Results20 studies with 1677 participants with a median duration of dietary change of 26 (IQR 10-39) weeks and mean increase in dairy food intake of 3.6 (SD 0.92) serves/day were included. There was an increase in weight with low (+0.82, 0.35 to 1.28 kg, p<0.001) and whole fat dairy food (+0.41, 0.04 to 0.79 kg, p=0.03), but no significant change in waist circumference (-0.07, -1.24 to 1.10 cm) ; HOMA -IR (-0.94, -1.93 to 0.04 units); fasting glucose (+1.32, 0.19 to 2.45 mg/dl) ; LDL-c (1.85,-2.89 to 6.60 mg/dl); HDL-c (-0.19, -2.10 to 1.71 mg/dl); systolic BP (-0.4, -1.6 to 0.8 mmHg); diastolic BP (-0.4, -1.7 to 0.8 mmHg) or CRP (-1.07, -2.54 to 0.39 mg/L). Changes in other cardio-metabolic risk factors were similar for low and whole fat dairy interventions.LimitationsMost clinical trials were small and of modest quality. .ConclusionIncreasing whole fat and low fat dairy food consumption increases weight but has minor effects on other cardio-metabolic risk factors.Trial Registration ActrnAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000401752, http://www.anzctr.org.au.Ethics Approval NumberNTX/10/11/115.

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