• Jose Iglesias, Andrew V Vassallo, Vishal V Patel, Jesse B Sullivan, Joseph Cavanaugh, and Yasmine Elbaga.
• Department of Critical Care, Department of Nephrology, Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ; Department of Nephrology, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall, Neptune, NJ. Electronic address: jiglesias23@gmail.com.
• Chest. 2020 Jul 1; 158 (1): 164-173.

BackgroundSepsis is a major public health burden resulting in 25% to 30% in-hospital mortality and accounting for over 20 billion dollars of US hospital costs.Research QuestionDoes hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, thiamine (HAT) therapy improve clinical outcomes in sepsis and septic shock?Study Design And MethodsThis was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial conducted from February 2018 to June 2019, assessing an HAT treatment bundle for the management of septic and septic shock patients admitted to an ICU. The primary outcomes were resolution of shock and change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Secondary outcomes included 28-day mortality, ICU mortality, hospital mortality, procalcitonin clearance (PCT-c), hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and ventilator-free days.ResultsOne hundred thirty-seven patients were randomized to the treatment group (n = 68) and comparator group (n = 69), respectively, with no significant differences in baseline characteristics. A statistically significant difference was found in the time patients required vasopressors, indicating quicker reversal of shock in the HAT group compared with the comparator group (27 ± 22 vs 53 ± 38 hours, P < .001). No statistically significant change in SOFA score was found between groups 3 (1 - 6) vs 2 (0 - 4), P = .17. No significant differences were found between study arms in ICU and hospital mortality, ICU and hospital LOS, ventilator free days, and PCT-c.InterpretationOur results suggest that the combination of IV ascorbic acid, thiamine, and hydrocortisone significantly reduced the time to resolution of shock. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and assess any potential mortality benefit from this treatment.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03422159; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.Copyright © 2020 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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